I’ve been reading a lot of comics and graphic novels lately because I’ll be doing a unit on this genre with my sophomore classes.
So, I thought it would be cool to find out where graphic novels came from.
If you think about it, stories have been told through images and words for a very, very long time. Prehistoric men and Ancient Egyptians alike used hieroglyphics to communicate their tales. “Drawings and cartoons were used as a simple way to convey ideas or sentiments to the working class populace” (Tychinski).
As time moved on, and the Industrial Age came into the picture, working class people began to have more time to relax, and they began looking for ways to entertain themselves. People started to read more, and funny newspapers were printed. In fact, Ben Franklin used cartoons in support of the American Revolution in Poor Richard’s Almanac (1732).
The first major graphic novel, The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck, was published in 1842. You can see an excerpt of this below. As you can see, the artist, Rodolphe Toffler employed the same panel approach many graphic artists still use today.

http://www.treasurycomics.com/so graciously provided the picture above.
After Oldbuck came The Yellow Kid (1895), which became so popular that newspaper sales were boosted by the presence of this comic strip. It was released as a collection two years later.

I thank http://www.forgotten-ny.com/for the picture of The Yellow Kid.
Pulp novels, named this because they were printed on cheap pulp paper, became popular in the US after World War I. These novels usually contained stories about adventures, war stories, western shoot-outs, and sci-fi material geared towards men.

This picture of a pulp novel is from http://thething.ca/.
New Funnies was the first comic book to be published. It was released in 1933, and designed by M.C. Gaines.

Thanks to http://www.golfcomicbooks.com/for the picture above.
Action Comics #1 changed the comic industry forever when it was released in 1938. The star of this comic was known as Superman. “Superman paved the way for the comic book’s Golden Age, and a vast array of costumed heroes, detectives, cowboys, and the like flooded the newsstands” (Tychinski). I borrowed the picture of Action Comics #1 below from http://www.coverbrowser.com.

Comic books became extremely popular in the 1940’s, appealing to readers of all ages and genders, and selling millions of copies. In the following decade, television began to draw attention away from comic books, and sales dropped.
In an effort to rekindle the nation’s love of comics, writers marketed titles where TV personalities became the main characters, adding too much violence and ruckus to the product. Parents started to complain, and adults generally stopped reading comics. This is how comics became associated with children.
However, across the globe, in countries like Japan, readers of all ages still enjoyed the combination of images and words. Manga originated in Japan and is now enjoyed around the world. Be sure to read the enclosed information on Manga. Death Note, pictured below, is an example of one such manga series. The picture was taken from http://www.earth-alliance.org.

In the later part of the 20th century, writers like Stan Lee (The Silver Surfer), Will Eisner (A Contract with God), and Wendy and Richard Pini (Elfquest) produced titles that slowly began to win back an American audience that included adults.

http://www.beatlesbandclub.com/provided this cover shot.
Watchmen (Alan Moore) was released in 1985. This graphic novel is now included in almost any comic reader’s collection. It’s a classic. I borrowed this picture from http://www.firstshowing.net/img/watchmen-cover.jpg.

On an historical fiction note, Art Spiegleman released Maus: A Survivor’s Tale, modeled after his parent’s experience during the Holocaust. It was presented the Pulitzer Prize in 1992. The excerpt below is from http://www.lagcc.cuny.edu/maus/images/Scanned/MausII-105_bottom.jpg.

DC Comics hit the jackpot when they signed Neil Gaiman, author of the Sandman series. He’s produced one of the most profitable series in comic history.
It’s clear that graphic novels have had a profound impact on our culture.
Works Cited:
“Graphic Novel.” Wikipedia. 3 Dec 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_novel>.
“Graphic Novels.” Bodart. 3 Dec 2007 <http://www.graphicnovels.brodart.com/history.htm>.